為您解析做實(shí)驗(yàn)出現(xiàn)故障怎么辦？

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">任何實(shí)驗(yàn)都有失敗的可能，而在實(shí)驗(yàn)中常會(huì)遇見一些小麻煩，如出現(xiàn)故障、實(shí)驗(yàn)儀器的特殊污垢處理等。不論是化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)，還是生物實(shí)驗(yàn)，安全是非常重要的，那么實(shí)驗(yàn)中出現(xiàn)故障怎么辦？</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">在今天的技術(shù)資料中，</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">上海酶聯(lián)</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">生物為大家說說實(shí)驗(yàn)室常見故障的處理方法。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;">一、螺旋瓶蓋太過緊固不易打開</span></strong></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">其實(shí)在生活當(dāng)中就經(jīng)常能夠遇到瓶子的蓋子太緊了，打不開，那么這種事情在實(shí)驗(yàn)中出現(xiàn)了該怎么辦呢？其實(shí)這個(gè)也是常有的事情，總不能來強(qiáng)行的吧？當(dāng)螺旋瓶蓋擰不開時(shí)，可用電吹風(fēng)或小火焰烘烤瓶蓋周圍，使其受熱膨脹，再用于布包住瓶蓋用力將其旋開。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">如果瓶內(nèi)裝有不宜受熱或易燃物質(zhì)時(shí)，可取一段結(jié)實(shí)的繩子，一端拴在固定的物體上</font>(<font face="宋體">如門窗把手</font><font face="Calibri">)</font><font face="宋體">，再把繩子按順時(shí)針方向在瓶蓋上繞一圈，然后一手拉緊繩子的另一端，一手握住瓶體用力向前推動(dòng)，就能使瓶蓋打開。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;">二、清除儀器上的特殊污垢</span></strong></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">在回流操作或濃縮溶液時(shí)，經(jīng)常會(huì)有結(jié)晶析出在液面上方的燒瓶內(nèi)壁上，且附著牢固，不僅不能繼續(xù)參加反應(yīng)，有時(shí)還會(huì)因熱穩(wěn)定性差而逐漸分解變色。遇此情況，可輕輕振搖燒瓶，以內(nèi)部溶液浸潤結(jié)晶，使其溶解。如果裝置活動(dòng)受限，不能振搖燒瓶時(shí)，可用冷的濕布敷在燒瓶上部，使溶劑冷凝沿器壁流下時(shí)，溶解析出的結(jié)晶。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;">三、玻璃儀器的磨口粘固打不開</span></strong></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">①</span></strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> 敲擊用木器輕輕敲擊磨口部位的一方，使其因受震動(dòng)而逐漸松動(dòng)脫離。對于粘固著的試劑瓶、分液漏斗的磨口塞等，可將儀器的塞子與瓶口卡在實(shí)驗(yàn)臺或木桌的棱角處，再用木器沿與儀器軸線成約<font face="Calibri">70</font><font face="宋體">&deg;角的方向輕輕敲擊，同時(shí)間歇地旋轉(zhuǎn)儀器，如此反復(fù)操作幾次，一般便可打開粘固不嚴(yán)重的磨口。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">②</span></strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> 加熱有些粘固著的磨口，不便敲擊或敲擊無效，可對粘固部位的外層進(jìn)行加熱，使其受熱膨脹而與內(nèi)層脫離。如用熱的濕布對粘固處進(jìn)行&ldquo;熱敷&rdquo;、用電吹風(fēng)或游動(dòng)火焰烘烤磨口處等等。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">③</span></strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> 浸潤有些磨口因藥品侵蝕而粘固較牢，或?qū)俳Y(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的貴重儀器，不宜敲擊和加熱，可用水或稀鹽酸浸泡數(shù)小時(shí)后將其打開。如急用儀器，也可采用滲透力較強(qiáng)的有機(jī)溶劑<font face="Calibri">(</font><font face="宋體">如苯、乙酸乙酯、石油醚及琥珀酸二辛酯磺酸鈉等</font><font face="Calibri">)</font><font face="宋體">滴加到磨口的縫隙間，使之滲透浸潤到粘固著的部位，從而相互脫離。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;">四、穩(wěn)固水浴中的燒瓶</span></strong></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">當(dāng)用冷水或冰浴冷卻錐形瓶中的物料時(shí)，常會(huì)由于物料量少、浴液浮力大而使燒瓶漂起，影響冷卻效果，有時(shí)還會(huì)發(fā)生燒瓶傾斜灌入浴液的事故。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">如果用長度適中的鉛條做成一個(gè)小于錐形燒瓶底徑的圓圈，套在燒瓶上，就會(huì)使燒瓶沉浸入浴液中。若使用的容器是燒杯，則可將圓圈套住燒杯，用鐵絲掛在燒杯口上，使其穩(wěn)固</font> <font face="宋體">并達(dá)到充分冷卻的目的。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;">五、溶解燒瓶內(nèi)壁上析出的結(jié)晶</span></strong></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">在回流操作或濃縮溶液時(shí)，經(jīng)常會(huì)有結(jié)晶析出在液面上方的燒瓶內(nèi)壁上，且附著牢固，不僅不能繼續(xù)參加反應(yīng)，有時(shí)還會(huì)因熱穩(wěn)定性差而逐漸分解變色。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">遇此情況，可輕輕振搖燒瓶，以內(nèi)部溶液浸潤結(jié)晶，使其溶解。如果裝置活動(dòng)受限，不能振搖燒瓶時(shí)，可用冷的濕布敷在燒瓶上部，使溶劑冷凝沿器壁流下時(shí)，溶解析出的</font> <font face="宋體">結(jié)晶。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>