培育細(xì)胞的十個訣竅

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 153);"><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;">細(xì)胞可是許多生物學(xué)實驗的主角。如果細(xì)胞長不好，那么實驗的結(jié)果也不會好到哪兒去。如何讓細(xì)胞長得好？</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;">我司</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;">在此介紹了讓細(xì)胞培育的十個訣竅。</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;">1.</span></strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;"> </span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;"><font face="宋體">確保所有實驗室材料都無菌</font></span></span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">交叉污染是細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)的大敵。即使是輕微的污染，也可能毀了幾個星期的成果。因培養(yǎng)箱內(nèi)溫暖潮濕，真菌極易生長，因此必須注意定期清潔。此外，在將培養(yǎng)瓶、移液管及其他的相關(guān)物品放入超凈臺之前，應(yīng)用酒精擦拭干凈，以避免污染。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;">2. </span></strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;"><font face="宋體">小心處理您的培養(yǎng)物</font></span></span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)的脆弱性怎么強(qiáng)調(diào)也不為過。劇烈搖晃，或連續(xù)的溫度波動可能會對生長產(chǎn)生不利的影響。確保培養(yǎng)箱是水平的，溫度均一，且遠(yuǎn)離電動儀器。此外，盡量避免一次處理多個細(xì)胞系，因為它可能會影響細(xì)胞的基因型和表型。您還應(yīng)定期完成</font>STR<font face="宋體">圖譜分析，以確認(rèn)細(xì)胞系的身份。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;">3.</span></strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;"> <font face="宋體">在使用前正確解凍細(xì)胞</font></span></span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">盡管解凍看起來是個簡單的步驟，但必須操作得當(dāng)，以免傷害細(xì)胞。長時間暴露在高溫條件下會使細(xì)胞無法鋪板。因此，凍存管應(yīng)當(dāng)在</font>37<font face="宋體">&deg;</font><font face="Calibri">C</font><font face="宋體">水浴中放置</font><font face="Calibri">2</font><font face="宋體">分鐘，然后用條件培養(yǎng)基稀釋，以避免造成直接傷害。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;">4. </span></strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;"><font face="宋體">使用對數(shù)生長期的細(xì)胞</font></span></span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)過程共有</font>3<font face="宋體">個階段：停滯期、對數(shù)期和平臺期，分別代表了低細(xì)胞生長、高細(xì)胞生長和無細(xì)胞生長。有活力的細(xì)胞是健康的，快速分裂的，在對數(shù)期以</font><font face="Calibri">70-80%</font><font face="宋體">的匯合度存在。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;">5. </span></strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;"><font face="宋體">在傳代之前不要讓細(xì)胞完全匯合</font></span></span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">匯合度是指貼壁細(xì)胞占據(jù)培養(yǎng)瓶表面積的比例。完全匯合意味著</font>100%<font face="宋體">的表面都被貼壁細(xì)胞覆蓋。一定要避免這種狀態(tài)，因為它意味著細(xì)胞不能繼續(xù)生長。不過，當(dāng)務(wù)之急是使用活躍生長的細(xì)胞。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;">6.</span></strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;"> <font face="宋體">選擇培養(yǎng)基開發(fā)策略</font></span></span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">在細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)過程中，培養(yǎng)基是控制產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量、產(chǎn)量和成本的重要因素。必須針對每種培養(yǎng)物來定制培養(yǎng)基，以優(yōu)化實驗結(jié)果。在決定以哪種方式來開發(fā)您的培養(yǎng)基時，您有幾個選擇。您可以購買現(xiàn)成的，自己開發(fā)，也可以與另一家公司合作開發(fā)特定的培養(yǎng)基。在這個過程中，您需要考慮時間和成本等因素。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;">7. </span></strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;"><font face="宋體">配制干粉培養(yǎng)基時評估水的質(zhì)量</font></span></span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">液體培養(yǎng)基往往會帶來比干粉培養(yǎng)基更高質(zhì)量的結(jié)果。這可能與水的質(zhì)量有關(guān)。由于細(xì)菌在水中迅速生長，故需要監(jiān)控內(nèi)毒素及其他污染物。商業(yè)公司有資源來監(jiān)控和控制細(xì)菌生長，比如過濾器。因此使用商業(yè)化生產(chǎn)的液體培養(yǎng)基會更加可靠一點(diǎn)。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;">8. </span></strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;"><font face="宋體">利用細(xì)胞的代謝特性來優(yōu)化培養(yǎng)基</font></span></span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">分析使用過的培養(yǎng)基，有助于鑒定必要成分的代謝速率，包括氨基酸和維生素。從細(xì)胞生長階段和蛋白生產(chǎn)階段收集到的動態(tài)代謝圖譜可用來平衡基礎(chǔ)培養(yǎng)基和添加培養(yǎng)基，指導(dǎo)培養(yǎng)基的重點(diǎn)，有助于蛋白質(zhì)的生產(chǎn)。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;">9.</span></strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;"> <font face="宋體">避免細(xì)胞的過度消化</font></span></span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">胰蛋白酶通過消化負(fù)責(zé)讓細(xì)胞與容器結(jié)合的蛋白質(zhì)，而實現(xiàn)貼壁細(xì)胞的傳代。如果細(xì)胞暴露在胰酶中時間太長，則胰酶將開始切割細(xì)胞表面蛋白，這會影響細(xì)胞行駛正常功能的能力。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;">10. </span></strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;"><font face="宋體">培養(yǎng)基中不要一直使用抗生素</font></span></span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">隨著細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)物更加頻繁地暴露在抗生素中，對抗生素有著天然耐藥性的菌株將開始出現(xiàn)。這種現(xiàn)象可掩蓋潛在的污染，這對實驗是非常有害的。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>